Kubera ko hatangiye impinduramatwara nshya y’ikoranabuhanga ku isi, inganda z’ubuvuzi zagize impinduka zikomeye. Mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1990, bitewe n’ubusaza bw’isi n’ubwiyongere bw’abasaba serivisi nziza z’ubuvuzi, robots z’ubuvuzi zishobora kunoza neza ireme rya serivisi z’ubuvuzi no koroshya ikibazo cy’ubushobozi buke bw’ubuvuzi, byakuruye ibitekerezo byinshi kandi bikaba byarahindutse ahantu hakunze kugaragara ubushakashatsi.
Igitekerezo cy'imashini zikora amarobo mu buvuzi
Roboti y'Ubuvuzi ni igikoresho gikusanya uburyo bujyanye n'ibyo abaganga bakeneye, hanyuma kigakora ibikorwa runaka kigahindura ibikorwa mu buryo bw'imikorere hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze.
Igihugu cyacu cyitaye cyane ku bushakashatsi no guteza imbere robo zo kwa muganga. Ubushakashatsi, iterambere n'ikoreshwa rya robo zo kwa muganga bigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya gusaza kw'igihugu cyacu n'ubwiyongere bwihuse bw'abaturage bwo kubona serivisi z'ubuvuzi zinoze.
Kuri leta, igamije guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya roboti mu buvuzi, ifite akamaro gakomeye ko kunoza urwego rw'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu cyacu, gushyiraho urwego rw'udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, no gukurura impano zo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu bumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga.
Ku bigo, robo zo mu buvuzi muri iki gihe ni ahantu hashyushye cyane ku isi, kandi amahirwe yo ku isoko ni menshi. Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere rya robo zo mu buvuzi bikorwa n'ibigo bishobora kunoza cyane urwego rwa tekiniki n'ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isoko ry'ibigo.
Kuva ku muntu, robots zo kwa muganga zishobora guha abantu ibisubizo by’ubuvuzi n’ubuzima biboneye, bifite akamaro kandi byihariye, bishobora kuzamura cyane ubuzima bw’abantu.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa roboti zo kwa muganga
Dukurikije isesengura ry’ibarurishamibare rya robots z’ubuvuzi ryakozwe n’Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry’Irobotike (IFR), robots z’ubuvuzi zishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine bikurikira hakurikijwe imirimo itandukanye:robots zo kubaga,roboti zo gusana, roboti zitanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi n'amarobo afasha mu buvuzi.Dukurikije imibare ituzuye yavuye mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku nganda cya Qianzhan, mu 2019, robots zo gusana zari iza mbere ku isoko ry’imashini zo kwa muganga zifite 41%, robots zo gufasha mu buvuzi zari 26%, kandi ingano ya robots zo kwa muganga n’izo kubaga ntabwo yari itandukanye cyane, 17% na 16%.
Robot yo kubaga
Robot zo kubaga zihuza uburyo butandukanye bugezweho bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kandi zizwi nk'agaciro k'agaciro mu nganda za robo. Ugereranyije n'izindi robo, robo zo kubaga zifite imiterere y'urwego rwo hejuru rw'ikoranabuhanga, ubuhanga buhanitse, n'agaciro kongerewe. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, robo zo kubaga amagufwa n'ubwonko za robo zo kubaga zifite imiterere igaragara yo guhuza inganda na kaminuza n'ubushakashatsi, kandi umubare munini w'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi warahinduwe kandi ushyirwa mu bikorwa. Kuri ubu, robo zo kubaga zakoreshejwe mu buvuzi bw'amagufwa, kubaga ubwonko, kubaga umutima, kuvura indwara z'abagore n'izindi ndwara mu Bushinwa.
Isoko ry’imashini zo kubaga mu Bushinwa zikoresha ikoranabuhanga riciriritse riracyari ryigaruriwe n’imashini zo mu mahanga. Imashini zo kubaga za Da Vinci ubu ni zo mashini zo kubaga zatsinze cyane, kandi zimaze igihe kinini zikora ikoranabuhanga kuva zahabwa icyemezo na FDA yo muri Amerika mu 2000.
Bitewe n’iterambere rikomeje ry’ikoranabuhanga, robots zo kubaga zirimo kuyobora kubaga mu buryo budakunze kugaragara mu bihe bishya, kandi isoko ririmo gutera imbere vuba. Dukurikije imibare ya Trend Force, ingano y’isoko ry’amarobo yo kubaga ari kure ku isi yari hafi miliyari 3.8 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2016, kandi iziyongeraho miliyari 9.3 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2021, hamwe n’igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bwa 19.3%.
Robot yo gusana
Bitewe n’uko ibikorwa byo gusaza bikomeje kwiyongera ku isi, abantu bakenera serivisi nziza z’ubuvuzi kandi zihagije, kandi icyuho kiri hagati y’ibitangwa n’ibikenewe by’ubuvuzi gikomeje kwiyongera. Robot yo gusana ubu ni yo sisitemu nini cyane ya robots ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu. Isoko ryayo ryarenze cyane iry’amarobs yo kubaga. Igipimo cyayo cya tekiniki n’igiciro kiri hasi ugereranyije n’amarobs yo kubaga. Dukurikije imirimo yayo, ishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri:robots zo mu bwoko bwa exoskeletonnaamarobo yo guhugura abantu ku bijyanye no kuvugurura imikorere.
Roboti zo mu bwoko bwa exoskeleton z’abantu zihuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nko kumva, kugenzura, gutanga amakuru, na mudasobwa zigendanwa kugira ngo zihe abayikora imiterere y’imashini ikoreshwa mu kwambara ituma robo ishobora kwambarwa ku giti cyabo cyangwa gufasha abarwayi mu bikorwa byo guhuza ingingo no gufasha kugenda.
Roboti yo kwigisha abantu kuvugurura imikorere ni ubwoko bwa roboti yo kwa muganga ifasha abarwayi mu myitozo yo kuvugurura imikorere hakiri kare. Ibicuruzwa byayo birimo roboti yo kuvugurura imikorere y'amaguru yo hejuru, roboti yo kuvugurura imikorere y'amaguru yo hasi, amagare y'abamugaye afite ubwenge, roboti yo kwigisha ubuzima bw'abantu, n'ibindi. Isoko rigezweho rya roboti zo kwigisha abantu kuvugurura imikorere y'umubiri mu gihugu zigengwa n'ibigo by'i Burayi n'Amerika nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Ubusuwisi, kandi ibiciro biracyari hejuru.
Roboti ishinzwe ubuvuzi
Ugereranyije na robots zo kubaga n'izo kuvura indwara, robots zitanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi zifite urwego rwo hasi rw'ikoranabuhanga, zigira uruhare runini mu buvuzi, kandi zifite amahirwe menshi yo kuzikoresha. Urugero, inama ku buvuzi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, kwita ku barwayi, gusukura imiti mu bitaro, gufasha abarwayi bafite ubumuga bwo kugenda nabi, gutanga amabwiriza yo muri laboratwari, nibindi. Mu Bushinwa, ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga nka HKUST Xunfei na Cheetah Mobile birimo gusuzuma ubushakashatsi ku robots zitanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi zifite ubwenge.
Roboti y'ubufasha mu buvuzi
Roboti zifasha mu buvuzi zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhaza ibyifuzo by'ubuvuzi by'abantu bafite ubumuga buke bwo kugenda cyangwa kutabasha kugenda neza. Urugero, roboti zifasha mu buvuzi zakorewe mu mahanga zirimo roboti y'ubupfura "care-o-bot-3″ mu Budage, na "Rober" na "Resyone" zakorewe mu Buyapani. Zishobora gukora imirimo yo mu rugo, ingana n'iy'abakozi benshi b'ubuforomo, kandi zishobora no kuganira n'abantu, zigahumuriza abageze mu za bukuru baba bonyine.
Urugero, ubushakashatsi n'icyerekezo cy'iterambere rya robots zo mu rugo bigamije ahanini ubucuti bw'abana n'inganda z'uburezi bw'ibanze. Iy'ingenzi ni "ibotn Children's Companion Robot" yakozwe na Shenzhen Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., ihuza imirimo itatu y'ingenzi yo kwita ku bana, ubucuti bw'abana n'uburezi bw'abana. Byose hamwe, bitanga igisubizo kimwe cyo kubana n'abana.
Iterambere ry'inganda z'imashini zikora amarobo mu buvuzi mu Bushinwa
Ikoranabuhanga:Ubushakashatsi buriho ubu mu nganda za robo z’ubuvuzi ni ibintu bitanu: igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikorere ya robo, ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyobora abaganga, ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza sisitemu, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ikoranabuhanga ryo kubaga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya teleoperative n’iry’abakora ubuvuzi, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza amakuru menshi mu buryo bw’ubuvuzi kuri interineti. Iterambere ry’ejo hazaza ni umwihariko, ubwenge, gukora ikoranabuhanga rito, guhuza no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya remoterzation. Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa gukomeza kunoza imikorere y’amarobo mu buryo bunoze, kutagira aho bubogamira, umutekano n’ubudahangarwa.
Isoko:Nk’uko byatangajwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, gusaza kw’abaturage b’Ubushinwa bizaba bikomeye cyane mu 2050, kandi 35% by’abaturage bazaba barengeje imyaka 60. Robot zo kwa muganga zishobora gusuzuma neza ibimenyetso by’abarwayi, kugabanya amakosa yo kubagwa n’intoki, no kunoza imikorere y’ubuvuzi, bityo bigakemura ikibazo cyo kudatanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi zihagije mu gihugu, kandi zikagira amahirwe meza ku isoko. Yang Guangzhong, umuhanga mu by’ubumenyi bw’ishuri ry’ubuhanga rya Royal Academy of Engineering, yizera ko robo zo kwa muganga muri iki gihe ari zo ishami ritanga icyizere ku isoko ry’roboto zo mu gihugu. Muri rusange, mu nzira y’uburyo bwo gutanga no gusaba, robo zo kwa muganga zo mu Bushinwa zizagira umwanya munini wo gukura ku isoko mu gihe kizaza.
Impano:Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere rya robots z'ubuvuzi bikubiyemo ubumenyi mu by'ubuvuzi, siyansi ya mudasobwa, siyansi y'amakuru, biomekanike n'andi mashami ajyanye nayo, kandi icyifuzo cy'impano z'amasomo atandukanye zifite ubumenyi butandukanye kirihuta cyane. Amwe mu mashuri makuru na za kaminuza yatangiye kongeramo amashami ajyanye nayo n'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Urugero, mu Kuboza 2017, Kaminuza ya Shanghai Transportation yashinze Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Robots z'Ubuvuzi; mu 2018, Kaminuza ya Tianjin yafashe iya mbere mu gutanga impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu "Ubwubatsi bw'Ubuvuzi bw'Ubwenge"; Kaminuza yemejwe, maze Ubushinwa buba igihugu cya mbere ku isi cyashyizeho impamyabumenyi yihariye yo mu cyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza yo guhugura impano zo mu buhanga mu by'ubuvuzi.
Imari:Imibare igaragaza ko mu mpera za 2019, ibikorwa 112 byo gutera inkunga byari byarabaye mu rwego rwa robo zo mu buvuzi. Icyiciro cyo gutera inkunga cyibanda cyane cyane ku cyiciro cya mbere. Uretse ibigo bike bifite inkunga imwe irenga miliyoni 100 z'amayuani, imishinga myinshi ya robo zo mu buvuzi ifite inkunga imwe ingana na miliyoni 10 z'amayuani, kandi amafaranga atangwa ku mishinga ya angel round agabanywa hagati ya miliyoni 1 na miliyoni 10 z'amayuani.
Kugeza ubu, mu Bushinwa hari amasosiyete arenga 100 atangira gukora robo z’ubuvuzi, amwe muri yo akaba ari imiterere y’inganda z’amasosiyete ya robo cyangwa ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi. Kandi imari shingiro nini zizwi nka ZhenFund, IDG Capital, TusHoldings Fund, na GGV Capital zatangiye gukoresha no kwihutisha umuvuduko wazo mu bijyanye na robo z’ubuvuzi. Iterambere ry’inganda za robo z’ubuvuzi rirageze kandi rizakomeza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-06-2023